In C#, an if statement is used to make decisions in your code. It checks if a certain condition is true, and if it is, it runs a block of code. If the condition is false, it skips that block.

Basic Structure of an if Statement

Here’s a simple example of an if statement in C#:

int number = 10;


if (number > 5) 

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is greater than 5.");

}

In this example:

  1. number > 5 is the condition. It checks if number is greater than 5.
  2. If the condition is true (which it is, since 10 is greater than 5), the code inside the curly braces {} will run.
  3. So, the message "The number is greater than 5." will be printed.

Adding an Else Statement

Sometimes, you want to do one thing if a condition is true and something else if it's false. You can use an else statement for this:

int number = 3;


if (number > 5)

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is greater than 5.");

}

else

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is 5 or less.");

}

Here:

  • Since number is not greater than 5, the condition is false.
  • The code inside the else block will run, printing "The number is 5 or less."

Adding Multiple Conditions with Else If

If you have more than two choices, you can use else if to add extra conditions:

int number = 5;


if (number > 5)

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is greater than 5.");

}

else if (number == 5)

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is exactly 5.");

}

else

{

    Console.WriteLine("The number is less than 5.");

}

In this example:

  • The program checks each condition in order.
  • Since number == 5, the message "The number is exactly 5." will be printed.

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